Smooth sow-thistle
Sonchus oleraceus · Asteraceae
The gardener's calendar
Ideal time to plant smooth sow-thistle: set it out when the soil is neither frozen nor waterlogged, and water generously as it establishes.
ID card
- Family
- Asteraceae
- Type
- Annual or biennial herbaceous plant
- Foliage
- Deciduous, pale green
- Flowering
- Spring to autumn, yellow flowers
- Mature size
- 30 to 100 cm in height
- Growth
- Fast
- Hardiness
- Low hardiness, annual in temperate climate
- Origin
- Mediterranean Basin and Middle East
Care
Light exposure
Milk thistle prefers full sun or partial shade. In very hot climates, some afternoon shade can slow down seed maturation. It adapts well to varied light conditions.
Watering
Water regularly to keep the soil moist, especially during the growing season. Avoid excess moisture which can promote fungal diseases. Well-drained soil is preferable.
Soil
This plant tolerates most soils, including poor and chalky ones. Light potting soil or soil rich in organic matter promotes better productivity and vigorous growth.
Fertilizing
Moderate balanced fertilizer at the start of growth is sufficient. If grown as a leaf vegetable, occasional nitrogen application encourages tender foliage development.
Pruning and harvest
Pinch back young shoots regularly to encourage a compact habit and delay bolting. In vegetable gardening, harvest young leaves before flowering so they remain tender and less bitter.
Diseases and pests
Watch out for aphids and slugs which enjoy tender foliage. Powdery mildew can appear with stagnant humidity. Ensure good air circulation and avoid foliage watering in the evening.
Did you know?
Milk thistle has been cultivated since antiquity as a leaf vegetable in the Mediterranean Basin and Middle East. Rich in milky sap (hence its name), it was once considered an excellent spring and autumn vegetable. Today, it remains appreciated in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cuisines, notably in salads or sautéed, long before the word 'superfood' was invented.
Where to buy it
Plant in spring or early autumn, avoiding spells of intense heat. Pick a plant with healthy foliage and roots that are not exposed. Best time: March, April, May, September.
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Tips generated and checked by Viridia — adapt them to your local climate.