Pigeon pea
Cajanus cajan · Fabaceae
The gardener's calendar
Ideal time to plant pigeon pea: set it out when the soil is neither frozen nor waterlogged, and water generously as it establishes.
ID card
- Common name
- Pigeon pea
- Family
- Fabaceae
- Type
- Herbaceous shrubby annual or perennial
- Adult size
- 1 to 2.5 m in height
- Flowering
- Summer to autumn (yellow or orange flowers)
- Foliage
- Deciduous, finely compound
- Hardiness
- Tropical and subtropical (freezes at 0 °C)
- Origin
- West Africa and Indian subcontinent
Care
Light
Pigeon pea thrives in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. A south or west-facing exposure is ideal in temperate regions. In tropical climates, light afternoon shade can reduce water stress.
Watering
Water regularly during growth and flowering, keeping the soil moist but not waterlogged. Reduce watering during the dry season or in winter. Avoid water accumulation, which promotes root rot.
Soil
Prefer rich, well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral. Pigeon pea tolerates poor soils thanks to its symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Adding compost at planting time improves water retention and fertility.
Fertilizer
Apply balanced or potassium-rich fertilizer at the start of flowering to promote flower and pod production. Limit nitrogen applications, as the plant fixes atmospheric nitrogen itself through its roots.
Pruning
Pinch young plants to encourage a branched habit and better production. After harvest, cut back branches by half to rejuvenate the plant if you're growing it as a perennial. Remove dead or diseased branches.
Diseases and pests
Watch for spider mites and aphids, particularly in dry environments. Root rot appears with excess water. Good air circulation and targeted watering at the base reduce risks.
Did you know?
Pigeon pea has been cultivated for thousands of years in West Africa and India, where its protein-rich seeds (pigeon peas) are a staple food. Its French name "ambrévade" comes from Réunion Creole, reflecting its importance in Indian Ocean islands where it remains an essential food plant.
Where to buy it
Plant in spring or early autumn, avoiding spells of intense heat. Pick a plant with healthy foliage and roots that are not exposed. Best time: March, April, May, September.
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Tips generated and checked by Viridia — adapt them to your local climate.